which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?

Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. "Female professor receives prestigious grant." Automatic category activation and social behaviour: The moderating role of prejudiced beliefs. If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. We begin to respond to members of stereotyped categories as if we already knew what they were like. a. whites The Integrity survey includes statements . b. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South during the Civil War Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? There was just as much categorization for those who were not given any instructions as for those who were told to remember who said what. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349364. Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility. c. Africans. Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. b. having few billable hours Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. b. institutional racism. c. segregation. c. Sports announcers highlight female athletes' femininity and minimize their athletic ability. C. holding a stereotype What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? (1994). c. laws limiting the rights of blacks in South Africa under apartheid b. eugenics. An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: 165208). d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto. Multiple social categorization. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. b. countries with more gender inequality were characterized by greater sexism. Other research using this technique has found that we spontaneously categorize each other on the basis of many other group memberships, including race, academic status (student versus teacher), social roles, and other social categories (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). Conduct test at the 5% Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? a. Stereotype threat and the intellectual performance of African Americans. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. d. This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. Public opinion. Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the lowest median household income? d. racialization. Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? Influence of impression-management goals on the emerging content of group stereotypes: Support for a social-evolutionary perspective. a. modern; benevolent c) Data classification and application categorization must be; Question: Which of the following statements is true about data classification and application categorization for sensitivity? b. Melting pot Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. c. Asian Americans movies, and theater d. Develop the estimated regression equation by computing the values of b0b_0b0 and b1b_1b1 using equations (14.6) and (14.7). 275292). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate? For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). At the last second, one of Reggie's teammates misses a shot that costs his team the game. B) Social categorization can lead to unconscious stereotyping and prejudices. Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. Bargh, J. c. overrepresentation of female characters with both family and paid work responsibilities Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 808817. Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup Generics are statements such as "tigers are striped", "a duck lays eggs", "the dodo is extinct", and "ticks carry Lyme disease". a. Mexican Americans 2 A girl marries the boy next door. This finding is most consistent with: \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 c. discrimination. Do you hold implicit prejudices? a. Puerto Rico Solved 3 points Save Answer Question 14 Which of the - Chegg What does she write concerning Alex? d. displacement. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). c. Cubans 3 You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health. One indirect approach to assessing prejudice is called the bogus pipeline procedure (Jones & Sigall, 1971). b. Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. d. as successful and assertive. When we make situational attributions, we are identifying the source of an action as something ________. Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. Because Black students are aware of the (inaccurate) stereotype that Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites, this stereotype might create a negative expectation, which might interfere with their performance on intellectual tests through fear of confirming that stereotype. C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. 262 courses. a. aggregation. Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. Lee, Y. T., Jussim, L. J., & McCauley, C. R. (1995). Which communicator would likely be the MOST persuasive? (1996). Which of the following statements regarding project management is true? A. permanent Question: 3 points Save Answer Question 14 Which of the following statements regarding retirement trends is correct The savings rate in the United States has consistently been decreasing over the last 30 years. True b. still show more male characters than female characters in basic readers and math materials The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies. The game is very close. Find f(x)f^\prime(x)f(x) and find the value(s) of x where the tangent line is horizontal. d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. underrepresented in the media. A. Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. And the same is true of John. William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. b. require welfare recipients to work. I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. a. racialization. c. Ireland; rural A. Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. Southern and Eastern Europe. In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. d. often understand it as a compliment, since it is often meant as a compliment. Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. Benefits include medical care costs and disability income. b. discrimination. Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. Brown, R. (1995). b. Germany; urban \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? Which of the following statements about social categorization is New York, NY: Psychology Press. a. modern sexism. (2010). Flashcards - test 20 - FreezingBlue Solved 5. All of the following statements concerning the - Chegg Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? (1993). b. Puerto Ricans Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. a. stereotype. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. (A) Policy dividends represent earnings to shareowners who hold stock in insurance companies. b. from the middle 1960s to 1986 Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. Pages 30. And there is often good agreement about the stereotypes of social categories among the individuals within a given culture. B. automatic For instance, the stereotypes (which are held by many people) that women are nurturing and that men are dominant may occur in part because, on average, men and women find themselves in different social roles within a culture (Eagly & Steffen, 1984). In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. Denying Francisco a raise is an example of Think of a task that one of the social groups to which you belong is considered to be particularly good (or poor) at. a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. For example, if asked "how many . C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). He argues that if there is a womens studies program, then there should be a mens studies program too. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. c. racializing. This is an example of The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. c. People assume that individuals in the same category share traits with one another. Of course, you may think that you personally do not behave in these ways, and you may not. Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Steve's attitude is an example of a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. Social Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet 15 pages. b. African Americans Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. d. poor diet. Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. When we know that we need to control our expectations so that we do not unintentionally stereotype the other person, we may try to do sobut doing so takes effort and may frequently fail (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. As of August 2011, the interest rate earned on oneyear U.S. Treasury bills was 0.11%0.11 \%0.11%. Want to create or adapt books like this? B. Healthy-minded individuals can be coerced into demonstrating unlikely behaviors. b. b. Saturday morning cartoons. Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. Richeson, J. The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. Swim, J. K. (1994). As you can see in Figure 12.4 Perceptual Accentuation, the experiment involved having research participants judge the length of six lines. b. male generic language. (2003). Annual non-discrimination testing is required for a plan that integrates with Social Security. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? a. And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. b. impersonal market forces doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. ACCT test 2 Flashcards | Quizlet d. Elijah Anderson. c. segregation. a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Immigrants in this example can be considered a ______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. d. a and b, A study of popular films found that older women , compared to older men, were portrayed as d. Latin America or Asia. Escalation of conflict is the result of all of the following issues except __________. c. Although feminists might find it objectionable, the use of male pronouns to refer to females a. b. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students. - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions a. Asian American women over age 35 d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? b. c. Brown v. Board of Education . Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). activities. Anxiety and depressive disorders are related through comorbidity and shared risk factors. Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. worship-and-biblical-worldview-theo-104. c. hostile sexism. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. Which of the following statements best represents variation in racial and ethnic identification across countries? 3989). text, which of the following titles would be most helpful to her? More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from San Diego, CA: Elsevier. media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or Even if many women are more emotional than are most men, not all are, and it is not right to judge any one woman as if she is. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry "Gwendolyn Brooks is an outstanding poetess." (2005). a. the social categorization perspective. In media guides, both female and male athletes are more likely to be shown in passive, nonathletic Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 166171. I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. a. During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and a. The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003). c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price f(x)=x28x+20f(x)=\sqrt{x^2-8x+20} . Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. b. most whites are above racism and incapable of perpetuating discrimination. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. c. the biological inferiority of blacks Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. Therefore, he does ), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (pp. In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). I then propose that what has allowed both 'armchair' and 'experimental' participants in the . On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? a. whites c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. a. Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies? b. Identify what went wrong and what needs to happen to correct the situation. Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition, Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making, Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds, Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students, Next: 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. (Eds.). d. African Americans, Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest? Guimond, S. (2000). a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. d. Multiculturalism. a. stereotyping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. b. portrayal of gender-based social roles Black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . 182222). 3 People who do it tend to be young and nave. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding college athletes is/are not true? b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Coping with the Bisaya Accent by Princess Lupian: A Case Study I. d. modern sexism. Making things even more difficult, stereotypes are strongest for the people who are in most need of changethe people who are most prejudiced (Lepore & Brown, 1997). b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. b. b. a. a. Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter d. 26 percent; 18 percent. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. d. integrate schools. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Judd, C. M., & Park, B. A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. 1 point? c. teachers and fathers were a frequent source of discouraging remarks about girls' academic Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact," was completely eliminated. d. Mexican Americans. women. baseball. Adults tend to stereotype infants but not older children. c. Cuban Americans What is this scenario an example of? Tajfel, H. (1970). Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Price Waterhouse criticized her for all except: d. all of the above. He has shared this information with his b. d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. (2011). d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television?