Which result of the stimulus applied is the likely cause of the membrane exhibits chemically gated ion channels. ________ law is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. c) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS For the following, indicate if the number of half-lives elapsed is: Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. Anatomy Test #3d Flashcards One is the vertebrate neuromuscular junction, and the other is the giant synapse of the squid Loligo. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until: proteins have been resynthesized. An If somehow the synaptic gap doesnt allow the passage of nerve impulse, the transmission of nerve impulse will not occur and consequently required response too. Researchers call the nerve impulse an all-or-none reaction since there are no gradations between threshold potential and fully activated potential. Another factor is the temperature of the nerve fibre. In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the During depolarization, as impulse is carried across the cell, sodium ions channels open and the sodium outside of the cell enters the cell. conduction velocity, Human Anatomy and Physiology, Books a la Carte Edition. The interior is _____, negatively charged and contains less sodium, The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) _____. Because it varies in amplitude, the local potential is said to be graded. In myelinated neurons, ion flows occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. leakage gated channels The nerve impulse travels at a speed of 100 m/s in saltatory conduction. Postsynaptic membrane. 3.) Which of the following mechanisms is NOT included in the figure? Following sodium inactivation is the opening of potassium channels, which allows the diffusion of K+ out of the cell. c) neurolemma helping to determine capillary permeability, Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The nodes of Ranvier potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane?A) A C) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. Other neurotransmitters stimulate a net efflux of positive charge (usually in the form of K+ diffusing out of the cell), leaving the inside of the membrane more negative. Because this infusion of positive charge brings the membrane potential toward the threshold at which the nerve impulse is generated, it is called an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Therefore, repolarization helps in maintaining or restoring the original membrane potential state. Select the correct answer for the following question: After transmitting from one neuron to another, the nerve impulse generates a particular response after reaching the target site. The speed of nerve impulse propagation varies in different types of cells. What is certain is that when the concentration of Ca2+ is increased within the terminal, the probability of transmitter release is also increased. The neurotransmitter molecules travel across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors, which are proteins that are embedded in the membrane of the postsynaptic cell. In this situation, sodium channels open and potassium channels are closed. The rate of transmission and generation of nerve impulses depends upon the type of cell. True or False, The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons. A) Reverberating circuitB) Diverging circuitC) Parallel b) association neuron are called ________. B) Absolute refractory period. A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called a(n) ________. are crucial for the development of neural connections. When can a second nerve impulse cannot be generated? - Answers c) ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels interior is ________.A) negatively charged and contains less sodium, B) positively charged and contains less sodium, C) negatively charged and contains more sodium, D) positively charged and contains more sodium, If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed function of astrocytes? The ions may attach to the membranes of synaptic vesicles, in some way facilitating their fusion with the nerve terminal membrane. As stated above, the action potential is propagated along the axon without any decrease in amplitude with distance. True or False, Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. These sites have the advantage of being readily accessible for recording by electrodesespecially the squid synapse, which is large enough that electrodes can be inserted directly into the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic fibre. the membrane potential has been reestablished. The neuron is either at rest with a polarized membrane, or it is conducting a nerve impulse at reverse polarization. Quiz Chapter 11 Quiz - Quizizz b) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. As a result of the opening of potassium voltage-gated channels, sodium voltage-gated channels will be closed. Generally, the speed of nerve impulse is 0.1-100 m/s. True or False, Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until _____. Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? It is a change in the resting state of the neuron. True or False, Chapter 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue (TB). This method of transmitting nerve impulses, while far less common than chemical transmission, occurs in the nervous systems of invertebrates and lower vertebrates, as well as in the central nervous systems of some mammals. True or False, Saltatory conduction occurs because of the presence of salt (NaCl) around the neuron. 3.) This site is using cookies under cookie policy . A) microglia B) astrocytes C) oligodendrocytes D) ependymal cells, Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential D) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses, The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive This reverse polarity constitutes the nerve impulse. the Na+ ions have been pumped back into the cell. to another stimulus is the ________.A) depolarization, Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. Similarly, in the case of nerve impulse conduction, the neurons the stimulus must have a threshold value for causing the movement of ions across the length of axon (for conducting nerve impulse) by opening the voltage-gated ion channels. If a membrane depolarization does not reach the threshold level, an action potential will not happen. In electrical synapses, two neurons are connected through channel proteins for transmitting a nerve impulse. This makes the process of nerve impulse faster as the nerve impulse does not travel the entire length of the axon ( this happens in case of continuous conduction). Almost instantly the membrane actually reverses polarity, and the inside acquires a positive charge in relation to the outside. The fastest conduction velocity occurs in the largest diameter nerve fibres. In this process the membranes are surrounded by a protein coat at the lateral margins of the synapse and are then transferred to cisternae, which form in the terminal during nerve stimulation. The number of channels utilized in saltatory conduction is less than continuous conduction due to which delay of nerve impulse does not occur. Hence, more time is taken in generating and then transmitting nerve impulses during an action potential. Nerve Impulse is a major mode of signal transmission for the Nervous system. A) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. These electrochemical changes cause depolarization of the membrane resulting in the generation of nerve impulses. . The concentration of sodium ions is about 16 times more outside the axon than inside. B) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. True or False, A graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons is called a postsynaptic potential. second nerve impulse CANNOT be generated until membrane potential has been reestablished 29 interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? frequency of action potentials The role of acetylcholinesterase is to ________. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. sodium and potassium. In contrast to electrical transmission, which takes place with almost no delay, chemical transmission exhibits synaptic delay. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. These are nerve impulses that jump from one node to another and are seen only in myelinated nerve fibres. Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse Which of the following would be the most typical urinary output in a day? B) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. C) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. C) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. The interaction of competing EPSPs and IPSPs at the hundreds or even thousands of synapses on a single neuron determines whether the nerve impulse arriving at the presynaptic terminals will be regenerated in the postsynaptic membrane. Transmission takes place through gap junctions, which are protein channels that link the cellular contents of adjacent neurons. The box labeled D illustrates three mechanisms by which the effects of a neurotransmitter may be terminated. Due to this, the transmission of nerve impulses is slower than electrical synapses. Two factors are essential for the release of the neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminal: (1) depolarization of the terminal and (2) the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the extracellular fluid. The answer is 'the membrane potential has been reestablished' Ths occurs by pumping out sodium ions from the inside of the cell. During the repolarization state, efflux of potassium ions through the potassium channel occurs. response observed in the left graph? Signals are propagated along the nerve fibres in the form of nerve impulses. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until The membrane potential has been reestablished In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? Synaptic cleft. B) negatively charged and contains less sodium. Following are some major factors that affect the speed of nerve impulse: Myelin sheath is present around the neuron and functions as an electrical insulator. This expulsion process is called exocytosis. negatively charged and contains less sodium. b) Schwann cells C) Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing. insufficient stimulus. This results in the alternation in the electro-negativity of the membrane because the stimulus causes the influx of sodium ions (electropositive ions) by 10 times more than in the resting state. Any distraction in this process can have drastic effects on the body. Identify three general types of effects neurotransmitters may have on postsynaptic cells. In this manner the action potential jumps quickly from node to node along the fibre in a process called saltatory conduction (from Latin saltare, to jump). Calcium causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane, releasing their contents into the narrow space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and See answer (1) Copy. Thus, no sodium ions will move inside the membrane. B) called neuroglial cells Relative refractory period An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response Repolarization The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability. Free Flashcards about Chapter 11 A&P - StudyStack The answer involves ions, which are electrically charged atoms or molecules. B) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. Direct-acting neurotransmitters ________. Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? First, diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft takes approximately 0.05 millisecond. (In reference to the neuromuscular synapse, it is called the end-plate potential, or EPP.). Signup as a free member below and you'll be brought back to this page to try the sample materials before you buy. Are the heads on a 98 and 99 v8 5.7L the same? This reverse polarity constitutes the nerve impulse. The resting membrane potential of the nerve cell is -70 mV. The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. if the ventral nerve root of a spinal is never destroyed a person would lose.. . Depolarization The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability. a. Chapter 11 Flashcards - Easy Notecards A neuronal circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a(n) ________.
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