which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

You may not be able to recall all of your classmates, but you recognize many of them based on their yearbook photos. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology It involves bottom-up processing. a. refers to the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. What memory problems is she most likely to have now? In what order should you run your errands? Think of it as the information you have displayed on your computer screen, such as a document, spreadsheet, or website. C. 15 to 20 D. unreliable. 10. If you are working in a situation where you absolutely need the correct or best possible answer, your best bet is to use an algorithm. C. heuristic. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. b. divergent thinking. You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. C. inductive reasoning. Because texting and driving has become a dangerous epidemic in recent years, psychologists are looking at ways to help people interrupt the phone schema while driving. Natural concepts c. confirmation bias. Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably C. the representativeness heuristic Since then, Tulving and others have reformulated the theory, and currently scientists believe that episodic memory is memory about happenings in particular places at particular timesthe what, where, and when of an event (Tulving, 2002). c. use sign language Work through this series of numbers using the recall exercise explained above to determine the longest string of digits that you can store. a. morpheme Publish: 15 days ago. pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), is an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number. If you were asked later to recall the words from this list, which ones do you think youd most likely remember? Usually, episodic memory is reported as a story. So how do you determine when to use a heuristic and when to use an algorithm? Cooper's father believes that his career is more important than raising his son. Trial and error is another term for: According to Baddeley and Hitch, a central executive part of memory supervises or controls the flow of information to and from the three short-term systems, and the central executive is responsible for moving information into long-term memory. D. The availability heuristic, Which of the following describes the trait of a critical thinker? Creative Commons Attribution License https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/7-1-what-is-cognition, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts, Describe how schemata are organized and constructed. Psychologists would most likely consider Malcom to be A. deductive thinking. During active rehearsal, you repeat (practice) the information to be remembered. Pessimism D. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. If Derrick answered correctly, he was able to identify _____ morpheme(s). C. It involves drawing conclusions based on facts. answer choices. D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. Because it is a schema, it is extremely challenging for us to stop reaching for the phone, even though we know that we endanger our own lives and the lives of others while we do it (Neyfakh, 2013) (Figure 7.5). The process of myelination begins prenatally. The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. b. naturalist intelligence. determine the nearest neighbors of each of the data. b. Concepts are universal and influence the development of language. d. mental sets. In either case, you usually cannot put the memory into words that adequately describe the task. refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage? d. verbal/linguistic intelligence. The working memory files hold a limited amount of information. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. For example, you would use recall for an essay test. Which of the following is true of creative thinkers? Jacob received his score on his math paper and realized that he performed poorly. What do developmental psychologists seek to understand? B. moment is called _______. 10 Research suggests that ________ affect the person's prototype for that category. The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as, _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. Margaret fell down her basement stairs and suffered serious injury to her amygdala. Heuristics could also be called: People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. Chapter 7 Flashcards | Quizlet c. convergent thinking. [Best Answer] Which of the following are true about algorithms? (You There are several types of schemata. The terms short-term and working memory are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same. Which of the following is true of concepts? The Algorithm Problem Solving Approach in Psychology. c. various cultures. 13 b. tomato c. prototype. They love going outside to their garden, fertilizing their plants, and watering their flowers, you probably would have come up with the word "petal" instead of plate. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. The voyage wasn't delayed because the bottle shattered. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of d. collective monologue. The representativeness heuristic can be used to create and sustain: Erik dropped a note under his car seat and couldn't find it. In psychology, for example, Piagets stages of development are abstract concepts. Emotion and memory are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors. Your improved bicycle riding was due to learning balancing abilities. ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. answer choices The process of assigning value to a variable. You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. Lets quickly test your autobiographical memory. c. Vygotsky After participants were presented with the words and questions, they were given an unexpected recall or recognition task. The representativeness heuristic Watch this video about superior autobiographical memory from the television news show 60 Minutes to learn more. For example, what comes to your mind when you think of a dog? Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. When they were asked to remember the words, they tended to recall them in categories, showing that they paid attention to the meanings of the words as they learned them. From a language perspective, Jordan is having difficulty with a specific _______. b. females. Although implicit memories are learned outside of our awareness and cannot be consciously recalled, implicit memory is demonstrated in the performance of some task (Roediger, 1990; Schacter, 1987). Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. It involves forming opinions based on prior experiences. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. The notes were sour because the seams split. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. A. morphemes A. Heuristics take more time than algorithms. The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. Kafka, Inc., estimates that it can generate $4,600 per year in additional cash inflows for the next five years if it modernizes its equipment at a cost of$15,000. D. used a heuristic to solve her packing problem. She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. B. culturally biased. Then, you step into the elevator and turn around to face the doors, looking for the correct button to push. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. consent of Rice University. B. accuracy 120. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Now lets turn our attention to acoustic encoding. It is illustrated when psychologists and other scientists use theories to make predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. Is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. According to ________ there are three forms of intelligence, whereas according to ________ there are nine types of intelligence. a. thought processes and concepts are controlled by language. a. standardization. TrueThe symmetric key algorithm is a class of cipher that uses identical or closely related keys for encryption and decryption. C. 60. C. They strive to evaluate their work subjectively. cannot make NEW memories, information does not pass from ST memory to be stores in LT Memory, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. In the United States, children often learn the alphabet through song, and they learn the number of days in each month through rhyme: Thirty days hath September, / April, June, and November; / All the rest have thirty-one, / Save February, with twenty-eight days clear, / And twenty-nine each leap year. These lessons are easy to remember because of acoustic encoding. Vygotsky believed that: People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. _____ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. In psychology, algorithms are frequently contrasted with heuristics. Answer the following statement (s) true (T) or false (F) in Computer Science & Information Technology. What word did you come up with? For example, if you live in Essex Junction, Vermont, you have probably had a lot of direct experience with snow. They love going into nature, spreading a blanket on the ground, and eating a delicious meal. It involves learning information that you previously learned. You absorb a large quantity of information by listening to and participating in discussions, examining maps, and reading first-hand accounts of peoples lives. B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. d. be reliable. d. Piaget. Storage is the retention of the encoded information. You use concepts to see the relationships among the different elements of your experiences and to keep the information in your mind organized and accessible. "rule of thumb." C. Artificial intelligence (AI)/algorithms d. Analytical intelligence, Shelly took the Stanford-Binet test at age 10 and scored a mental age of 13. d. "street smarts.". C. functional fixedness. Fragile X syndrome Jessica has been searching for a new apartment. d. the fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. D. employ heuristics rather than algorithms as the problem-solving strategy. Recalling the last time you studied for a test is another example of automatic processing. Through the use of fMRI, researchers have found an overlap between brain areas activated during visual mental imagery tasks as compared to: Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. Shes surprised at how quickly shes able to pick up the language after not speaking it for 13 years; this is an example of relearning. The use of artificial concepts to define an idea is crucial to communicating with others and engaging in complex thought. While you could use an algorithm to map out every possible route and determine which one would be the fastest, that would be a very time-consuming process. Read our, Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process, The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies, How to Increase Your Mental Agility With Dr. Elaine Fox, The Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, Learning Styles Based on Jung's Theory of Personality, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure, The method a search engine uses to find information on the internet, Instructions for how to assemble a bicycle, Instructions for how to solve a Rubik's cube. First, the doors open and you wait to let exiting passengers leave the elevator car. A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. You might perform this script two or three times each day. Choose all that apply. For instance, the memory of your last birthday is an episodic memory. Claudia is trying to cook her mother's famous lasagna. C. merely frame the problem in a vague way. This implies that Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. We cannot absorb all of it, or even most of it. Most adults reach their peak physical development during their, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational. D. heuristic. 130 or higher. C. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development? d. different aspects of intelligence. C. do not guarantee an answer. b. What did Harry Harlow demonstrate in his classic study of attachment amongst baby monkeys? B. scope. a. A. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology B. PDF Chapter 3: Algorithmic Problem Solving - NUS Computing 30 seconds. d. Psychiatrists. They are used to evaluate the solutions. Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of ________ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's. Identify the age group during which children typically understand adult literary work. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology _________ includes the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled. C. Concepts are independent of experiences and objects. lack of nurture, abusive parents, and bad memory. Solved Which of the following is the correct definition of | Chegg.com 1 item by anonymous. Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you. Children understand adult literary work usually between ages 6 and 8. D. relying on the opinions of others. Author: Question. Which of the three types of encoding do you think would give you the best memory of verbal information? a. subjective. Bertha met two students from another school at a convention. Marilu Henners super autobiographical memory is known as hyperthymesia. Identify a true statement about language milestones among children. Emotional intelligence Really quickly, what is the first word that comes to mind when you hear peanut butter? c. all languages have the same pragmatics. For example, before learning the concept of area of a square (and the formula to find it), you must understand what a square is. a. b. language; social relationships Algorithmsare written in a programming language. D. precision, ________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, B. are slow. _____ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. A company uses a spreadsheet to prepare its statement of cash flows. d. means-end analysis. This test can be considered: An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, most scores are around the average score. The haystack was important because the cloth ripped. A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. _____ is the proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the group's members. You know what it looks like, smells like, tastes like, and feels like. D. the child's IQ is above average. Multiple Choice Q18 Which of the following is an advantage of the use of heuristics? These are concrete, high-imagery words. moment. This is only one facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. c. convergent thinking. An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics. According to linguist Noam Chomsky, a language acquisition device (or LAD): Do you recall the earlier discussion of semantic networks? A. c. practical b. is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language. c. a memory of a favorite childhood book. b. Familial retardation Which of the following is true about overlapping subproblems? You decide to do your laundry Thursday night, buy the groceries on Friday, clean the apartment Saturday morning, and cook the dinner Saturday evening. This is one of the reasons why much of what we teach young children is done through song, rhyme, and rhythm. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Memory is an information processing system; therefore, we often compare it to a computer. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). The brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and rememberingit is always active. The encoding of words and their meaning is known as semantic encoding. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time. Semantic memory is typically reported as facts. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Which of the following statements are true of algorithms? Mental sets Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) in Business. and you must attribute OpenStax. Another technique used by your brain to organize information is the identification of prototypes for the concepts you have developed. conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period. Once you know how to drive, you can encode additional information about this skill automatically. Which of the following statements is true of heritability? Confirmation bias He looked all through the glove compartment for a flashlight so that he could get a better look under his seat. A square always has four equal sides and four right angles. The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood. So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: a. quantitative processing. Once we receive sensory information from the environment, our brains label or code it. The reason people are more likely to come up with plate after reading about a picnic is that plate is associated (linked) with picnic. A. autistic. In 1956, George Miller reviewed most of the research on the capacity of short-term memory and found that people can retain between 5 and 9 items, so he reported the capacity of short-term memory was the "magic number" 7 plus or minus 2.

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