How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Doodle's Point of View 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Company Reg no: 04489574. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion.
Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. 2) This war was not a success. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). Student /
Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/C - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: British depth study 1HI0 B1-B4 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: Period study 1HIA P1-P5 - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA A Level History Paper 1 (options A to L) 7042/1C - 26 May 2022 [Exam Chat], OCR A Level History Non-British period study: All Exams - 22 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 1: Thematic study 1HI0 10-13 - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section B 8145/2B/C - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/A - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/C - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 3: 9HI0 30-39 - 22 June 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/B - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 3: Modern depth study 1HI0 30-33 - 9 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 2: Depth Study 9HI0 2A-2H - 10 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat]. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation.
Elizabeth I and Spain - History Learning Site This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347.
Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom.
Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.
Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender.
What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. 2. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. From there we will look at the career . Boston House, The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic.
DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. By instinct, Elizabeth was a Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. 214 High Street, Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. - navy to firth of Forth. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6.
The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion.
Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation.
Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. It had to deal with Irish .
PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. Elizabeth I: a biography. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. Why religious compromise was so difficult. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Become a Member |
Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs.
The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Mary was spared. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland.
What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France.
From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France.
Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Write a paragraph or two. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. Register for free, Home /
1558 -french threat. Best Answer.
To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession.
How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? . Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course.
Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics.
Edward VI - Wikipedia August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. One was debt. Boston House, Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Company Reg no: 04489574. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. They began to revolt against the Spanish. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. Boston Spa, The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea.
The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands.
How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances.
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